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040			_cNVSU
100			_aNadiahan, Hazel Joy B.
245			_aEfficacy of gmelina-derived pyroligneous acid supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal morphology and fecal Ammonia levels in broilers/ _cHazel Joy B. Nadiahan
260			_aBayombong: _bNueva Vizcaya State University, _c2023.
300			_axxx, 130 leaves : _billustration, photos ; _c28 cm.
500			_aThe study evaluated the effects of Gmelina-derived pyroligneous acid (PA) on growth performance, intestinal histomorphology, and fecal ammonia levels in a 35-day feeding trial using day-old straight-run broilers (n=270). The experiment was set following a completely randomized design with three treatment groups: T1- negative control (0% PA), T2-0.5% PA, and T1-1% PA. Each treatment was replicated three times with 30 animals per replicate. The collection of data was performed depending on the parameter evaluated. Results showed no significant differences among treatments on growth performance and dressing percentage of broilers supplemented with different concentrations of PA. Significant differences were observed in the histomorphology characteristics of different segments of the gastrointestinal tract in terms of villus number, villus height, villus width, and crypt depth. The histomorphology characteristics of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and cecum in birds supplemented with different levels of PA have better measures against the control group and may be suggestive of an improved intestinal environment. These suggest that supplementing drinking water with PA could improve the intestinal morphology of broilers. In terms of fecal ammonia levels, results showed no significant differences but there is an apparent trend in the reduction of fecal ammonia levels which may be beneficial in maintaining better air quality in broiler production systems. In terms of economic profitability, supplementing 1% PA can lower cost to gain ratio and higher return above feed cost. This means that 1% PA supplementation can result in a better income.
500			_aThesis (Master of Science - Animal Science)
504			_aIncludes appendices and bibliographical references.
942			_2ddc _cTH _n0
999			_c388 _d388