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008			250321b |||||||| |||| 00| 0 eng d
040			_cNVSU
100			_aBarcelo, Ediza B.
245			_aSurvey on antimicrobial usage in swine farm in Nueva Vizcaya / _cEdiza B. Barcelo
260			_aBayombong: _bNueva Vizcaya State University, _c2021.
300			_axiv, 66 leaves : _billustrations, photos ; _c28 cm.
500			_aAntimicrobials are a precious resource in the veterinary sector however, there has been limited data and published articles on its usage in animals in the country Overuse of antimicrobials in the food-animal production sector is considered a factor in the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in animal pathogens The study determined the antimicrobial usage in swine farms in Nueva Vizcaya through the conduct of a semi-structured survey in 84 commercial and backyard farms to assess their usage and practices related to antimicrobials. Most of the respondents are male (67.9%) with majority of them being the head of the family (96.6%), were between 40-60 years old (59.5%), has reached college level (56%) and has relevant training in pig husbandry (51 2%). Majority of the respondents are into backyard operation at 83 3% Results showed that most (98 8%) of the respondents regardless of the type of farm operation used antimicrobials in their pigs for treatment, prevention and growth promotion. All commercial farms are knowledgeable of the antibiotic used in their animals while only 46.4% of the backyard farms are aware of it The commonly used classes of antimicrobials in backyard and commercial farms are tetracyclines (50.6%), penicillin’s (44.6%), aminoglycosides (31.3%) and fluoroquinolones (30.1%) with the following types of antimicrobials identified as commonly used including oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, penicillin, gentamicin, tiamulin, streptomycin, trimethoprim-sulfa combinations and lincomycin. On practices of farms on antimicrobial usage, most of them accessed antimicrobials over the counter (91.7%), with 929% of the backyard farms acquiring their antibiotic this way though only 40.5% have prescription from veterinarians A high proportion of the backyard farmers (98.9%) seek instructions on antimicrobial usage from animal technician while in most commercial farms (92.9%) get instructions on usage from veterinarian. Majority of them (70.2%) said that they always acquire prescription or instruction when buying antibiotics. In the farms surveyed, 82 1% confirmed that there are other substances in the farms that contain antibiotics. A high percentage (88 1%) of them give antibiotics to all pigs in pen even if only one pig is sick, with 100% of the backyard farms doing this practice while only 28 6% of commercial farms practice it Some farmers tend to self-combine antimicrobials (11.9%) and give dose that were low or high than recommended (26.2%) A high proportion of the respondents (96.4%) stops giving antibiotics when the animal gets better. Most of them (91 7%) however, observed withdrawal period and were aware of negative consequences of giving antimicrobials (94%), but very few (23%) were aware of what antimicrobial resistance is. This study revealed that there is widespread usage of antimicrobials in swine farms in Nueva Vizcaya Thus, there is a need to conduct regular surveillance on antimicrobial usage to ensure rational use, reduce AMR development and preserve their efficacy particularly those that are also used medically.
500			_aThesis (Doctor of Veterinary Medicine)
504			_aincludes appendices and bibliographical references.
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